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Geographic Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Schedule of Revenue by Geographic Region

Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Americas	$	286,131	$	237,290	$	203,655
Other	11,760		7,054		4,214
	$	297,891	$	244,344	$	207,869

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 381,742	$ 77,584
Marketable securities	106,214	20,764
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $866 and $956 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	60,228	65,107
Deferred commissions	14,108	8,178
Other receivables	2,432	1,181
Prepaid expenses and other	6,508	4,417
Total current assets	571,232	177,231
Property and equipment, net	39,745
Property and equipment, net		41,468
Operating lease right-of-use assets	15,352
Deferred commissions, non-current	14,977	10,569
Intangible assets, net	1,651	1,266
Other assets	3,439	577
Total assets	646,396	231,111
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	7,057	5,461
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	49,930	36,353
Deferred revenue	173,617	148,545
Current portion of financing obligations	1,328	1,222
Total current liabilities	231,932	191,581
Convertible senior notes, net	280,601	0
Deferred revenue, non-current	32,569	25,171
Other long-term liabilities	1,498	6,891
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	18,564
Financing obligations, non-current	15,889
Financing obligations, non-current		17,208
Total liabilities	581,053	240,851
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in-capital	420,170	297,145
Accumulated deficit	(355,161)	(307,027)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	287	98
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	65,343	(9,740)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	646,396	231,111
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Common stock	38	34
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Common stock	$ 9	$ 10

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (48,134)	$ (50,071)	$ (44,426)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax (expense) of ($5), ($9), and ($2) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively	13	26	(159)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income tax (expense) benefit of ($60), $0, and $2 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively	176	0	(60)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	189	26	(219)
Comprehensive loss	$ (47,945)	$ (50,045)	$ (44,645)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Deferred Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Deferred Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred costs	$ 29,100	$ 18,700
Amortization expense for deferred costs	15,200	10,100
Impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Components of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current
State									$ 59	$ 48	$ 42
Foreign									252	203	19
Total Current									311	251	61
Deferred
Federal									(65)	(8)	0
Foreign									(107)	4	0
Total Deferred									(172)	(4)	0
Total income tax provision	$ 38	$ 98	$ (8)	$ 11	$ 204	$ 17	$ 21	$ 5	$ 139	$ 247	$ 61

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (48,134)	$ (50,071)	$ (44,426)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,160	3,781	3,546
Stock-based compensation expense	35,784	30,841	19,476
(Recovery of) provision for doubtful accounts	(92)	550	(517)
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities, net	13	(141)	101
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	3,262	0	0
Recognition of deferred government grant obligation	0	0	(1,578)
Deferred income tax	(65)	(9)	0
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	5,166	(20,216)	(5,546)
Deferred commissions	(10,268)	(11,155)	(498)
Operating lease right-of-use asset	2,552
Other receivables	(1,250)	(205)	577
Prepaid expenses and other	(2,084)	2,020	2,952
Other assets	(1,860)	276	618
Accounts payable	2,153	1,699	2,206
Deferred revenue	32,039	40,144	29,367
Operating lease liability	(3,035)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	12,225	8,886	(758)
Net cash provided by operating activities	30,566	6,400	5,520
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,104)	(1,122)	(1,188)
Purchase of marketable securities	(112,565)	(24,659)	(14,369)
Maturities of marketable securities	26,840	20,400	9,281
Sale of marketable securities	498	0	0
Purchase of intangible assets	(734)	(251)	(197)
Other investments	(1,000)	0	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(90,065)	(5,632)	(6,473)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from option exercises	24,152	16,662	12,485
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(390)	(1,861)	(1,125)
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	4,922	3,216	0
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	335,899	0	0
Repayment of other long-term debt	0	0	(73)
Principal payments on financing obligations	(1,213)
Principal payments on capital lease obligations		(1,163)	(1,435)
Proceeds from government grants	0	22	51
Deferred financing costs	0	0	(81)
Net cash provided by financing activities	363,370	16,876	9,822
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash	287	(393)	183
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	304,158	17,251	9,052
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	77,584	60,333	51,281
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	381,742	77,584	60,333
Supplemental cash flow disclosure
Cash paid for interest	1,692	1,734	1,627
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	371	67	42
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Allowance for tenant improvements	270	2,192	0
Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid	$ 588	$ 1,287	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	$ 4,922,000	$ 3,216,000	$ 0
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 88,478
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition (years)	14 days
Class A Common Stock \| Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued during period (in shares)	188,390
Shares issued during period, weighted average price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 26.13
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	$ 4,900,000

Income Taxes - Tax Credit Carryforwards (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Domestic Tax Authority
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 12.6
State Tax Authority
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 2.2

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued vacation	$ 8,353		$ 6,906
Accrued commissions	5,561		7,265
Accrued bonuses	7,121		5,643
Estimated health insurance claims	1,040		1,100
ESPP employee contributions	3,734		2,156
Customer deposits	12,151		7,395
Operating lease liabilities	3,064
Accrued other liabilities	8,906		5,888
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 49,930	$ 38,672	$ 36,353

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Operating Leases

We lease certain office and residential space under non-cancelable operating leases with various lease terms through June 2043. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain office leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 3 to 5 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and is generally excluded from the lease term at lease inception. Our leases generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and other operating costs in addition to a base or fixed rent.

The components of lease expense recognized under ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	3,544
Short-term lease cost	1,324
Variable lease cost	923
	$	5,791

Under ASC 840, rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $5.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	4,018
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	2,207

Other supplemental information related to leases was as follows:


	As of December 31, 2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	7.6
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	5.7	%

As of December 31, 2019, future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2020	$	4,198
2021	4,327
2022	3,872
2023	3,540
2024	2,751
Thereafter	8,504
Total minimum lease payments	27,192
Less: Amount representing interest	(5,564)
Total	$	21,628

In June 2019, we signed an operating lease agreement to lease office space in Amsterdam starting on January 13, 2020 for three years, which was conditional upon termination of our current lease. We will pay the landlord a base rent of approximately $73,000 per month for three floors of a larger building. Subsequently, on November 1, 2019, we entered into an agreement with our current landlord to terminate our lease, effective January 12, 2020.

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted stock awards - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested in period, fair value		$ 2,200,000	$ 2,700,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 0
Executive Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (years)	3 years

Net Loss Per Share - Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	4,353,167	6,400,175	8,145,777
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	0	163,332
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	3,039,020	2,359,261	574,072
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	76,466	105,583	85,509
Class A Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	4,300,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Build to Suit (Details) - Ames, Iowa Building Lease $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 20, 2013 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) phase	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of phases \| phase		2
Lessor committed fundings, phase 1		$ 11.8
Lessor committed fundings, phase 2		$ 11.1
Reclassification to financing obligation	$ 11.8		$ 11.1
Purchase option period		3 years
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Assets placed into service	$ 17.1		$ 19.9

Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 80,265	$ 74,179	$ 73,484	$ 69,963	$ 64,435	$ 60,873	$ 59,130	$ 59,906	$ 297,891	$ 244,344	$ 207,869
Americas
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total revenue									286,131	237,290	203,655
Other
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 11,760	$ 7,054	$ 4,214
Revenue From Contract With Customer, Americas Revenue \| Geographic concentration risk \| United States
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage									96.00%	96.00%	96.00%

Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations

The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for each of the quarters indicated as well as the percentage of total revenue for each line item shown. The unaudited information should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. We believe that the following unaudited information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.


	Three months ended
	Dec 31, 2019		Sep 30, 2019		Jun 30, 2019		Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018		Sep 30, 2018		Jun 30, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription and support	$	66,148	$	63,022	$	60,472	$	56,123	$	53,779	$	51,306	$	48,837	$	46,470
Professional services	14,117		11,157		13,012		13,840		10,656		9,567		10,293		13,436
Total revenue	80,265		74,179		73,484		69,963		64,435		60,873		59,130		59,906
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support	11,946		10,924		10,202		9,809		8,637		8,139		8,637		8,802
Professional services	11,102		10,827		10,475		9,727		8,757		7,520		7,659		7,709
Total cost of revenue	23,048		21,751		20,677		19,536		17,394		15,659		16,296		16,511
Gross profit	57,217		52,428		52,807		50,427		47,041		45,214		42,834		43,395
Operating expenses
Research and development	23,216		22,899		21,795		22,011		20,773		19,984		20,718		20,127
Sales and marketing	33,732		32,990		28,213		25,365		23,011		24,068		22,252		21,006
General and administrative ⁽¹⁾	14,754		12,017		11,226		10,383		11,047		11,864		21,654		11,768
Total operating expenses	71,702		67,906		61,234		57,759		54,831		55,916		64,624		52,901
Loss from operations	(14,485)		(15,478)		(8,427)		(7,332)		(7,790)		(10,702)		(21,790)		(9,506)
Interest income	2,064		1,460		641		492		435		341		279		223
Interest expense	(3,534)		(1,959)		(433)		(440)		(480)		(448)		(449)		(450)
Other income, net	(305)		24		(111)		(172)		318		(138)		213		120
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes	(16,260)		(15,953)		(8,330)		(7,452)		(7,517)		(10,947)		(21,747)		(9,613)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	38		98		(8)		11		204		17		21		5
Net loss	$	(16,298)	$	(16,051)	$	(8,322)	$	(7,463)	$	(7,721)	$	(10,964)	$	(21,768)	$	(9,618)
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.35)	$	(0.34)	$	(0.18)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.25)	$	(0.50)	$	(0.22)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	47,058,209		46,731,663		46,166,660		45,229,279		44,472,672		43,973,428		43,234,655		42,858,756

(1) During the second quarter of 2018, we recorded an additional $5.9 million and $3.6 million of cash-based and equity-based compensation, respectively, to general and administrative expense pursuant to a separation agreement with our former CEO.

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Effect of Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment in connection with the adoption of ASU 2014-09				$ 8,381
ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 15,352	$ 15,694
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	49,930	38,672	$ 36,353
Other long-term liabilities	1,498	884	$ 6,891
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$ 18,564	19,382
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02
ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets		15,694
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,319
Other long-term liabilities		(6,007)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		$ 19,382
Accumulated Deficit
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment in connection with the adoption of ASU 2014-09				8,381
Accumulated Deficit \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment in connection with the adoption of ASU 2014-09				$ 8,400

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted stock units - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested in period, fair value	$ 8.8	$ 7.7	$ 3.6
Number of Shares (in shares)
Unvested at beginning of period (in shares)	2,359,261
Granted (in shares)	1,157,679
Forfeited (in shares)	(75,349)
Vested (in shares)	(402,571)
Unvested at end of period (in shares)	3,039,020	2,359,261
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share)
Unvested at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 23.95
Granted (in dollars per share)	43.26
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	32.16
Vested (in dollars per share)	21.75
Unvested at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 31.39	$ 23.95
Number of vested shares recipient elected to defer settlement (in shares)	256,660
Number of vested shares recipients elected to defer settlement, released during period (in shares)	274,079
Number of deferred shares vested and outstanding (in shares)	537,202
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 60.3
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition (years)	2 years 4 months 24 days
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (years)	3 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (years)	4 years
Cliff-vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (years)	3 years
Cliff-vesting \| Board of Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (years)	1 year

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including our convertible senior notes, outstanding stock options, stock related to unvested restricted stock awards, and common stock issuable pursuant to the ESPP to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented, as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

The net loss per share is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares as if the loss for the year has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis.

We consider unvested restricted stock awards granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares. In future periods to the extent we are profitable, we will subtract earnings allocated to these participating securities from net income to determine net income attributable to common stockholders.

A reconciliation of the denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Year ended
	December 31, 2019						December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
Numerator
Net loss	$	(38,661)	$	(9,473)	$	(38,733)	$	(11,338)	$	(33,016)	$	(11,410)

Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	37,190,224		9,112,432		33,758,623		9,881,785		30,929,899		10,688,939
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.04)	$	(1.04)	$	(1.15)	$	(1.15)	$	(1.07)	$	(1.07)

The anti-dilutive securities excluded from the weighted-average shares used to calculate the diluted net loss per common share were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options	4,353,167	6,400,175	8,145,777
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock awards	—	—	163,332
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock units	3,039,020	2,359,261	574,072
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP	76,466	105,583	85,509

Additionally, approximately 4.3 million shares of our Class A common stock underlying the conversion option in the Notes, are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. We use the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, if applicable. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the average market price of our Class A common stock did not exceed the conversion price of the Notes of $80.16 per share.

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information - Other Income, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Income from training reimbursement program									$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,578
Gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions									(609)	289	(372)
Other									45	224	(9)
Other Income, net	$ (305)	$ 24	$ (111)	$ (172)	$ 318	$ (138)	$ 213	$ 120	$ (564)	$ 513	$ 1,197

Commitments and Contingencies - Other Purchase Commitments (Details) - Cloud Services Arrangement $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
Other purchase commitments, due in fiscal year 2020	$ 13.1
Other purchase commitments, due in fiscal year 2021	10.3
Other purchase commitments, due in fiscal year 2022	$ 7.5

Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) renewal_option	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Rent expense		$ 5,600	$ 4,700
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3,544
Short-term lease cost	1,324
Variable lease cost	923
Lease cost	5,791
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	4,018
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases	$ 2,207
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years) - Operating leases	7 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate - Operating leases	5.70%
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2020	$ 4,198
2021	4,327
2022	3,872
2023	3,540
2024	2,751
Thereafter	8,504
Total minimum lease payments	27,192
Less: Amount representing interest	(5,564)
Total	$ 21,628
Office
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of renewal options (or more) \| renewal_option	1
Office \| Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Renewal term	3 years
Office \| Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Renewal term	5 years
Amsterdam office space lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term				3 years
Monthly operating lease payment				$ 73

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Continuous Unrealized Loss Position (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 9,085
12 months or greater	2,000
Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	(5)
12 months or greater	(1)
U.S. treasury debt securities
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	2,020
12 months or greater	0
Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	(1)
12 months or greater	0
U.S. corporate debt securities
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	7,065
12 months or greater	2,000
Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	(4)
12 months or greater	$ (1)

Stock-Based Compensation - Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 35,784	$ 30,841	$ 19,476
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	8,006	5,842	2,224
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	8,792	5,416	2,983
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	15,707	18,264	13,066
Subscription and support \| Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,554	700	738
Professional services \| Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1,725	$ 619	$ 465

Income Taxes - Income Before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States									$ (47,235)	$ (50,268)	$ (44,246)
Foreign									(760)	444	(119)
Loss before provision for income taxes	$ (16,260)	$ (15,953)	$ (8,330)	$ (7,452)	$ (7,517)	$ (10,947)	$ (21,747)	$ (9,613)	$ (47,995)	$ (49,824)	$ (44,365)

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

We grant stock-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants, and to align their financial interests with those of our stockholders. We utilize stock-based compensation in the form of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, options to purchase Class A common stock and ESPP purchase rights. Prior to our corporate conversion in December 2014, awards were provided under the 2009 Unit Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan). Immediately prior to our IPO, the 2009 Plan was amended to provide that no further awards will be issued thereunder, and our board of directors and stockholders adopted and approved our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2014 Plan and, together with the 2009 Plan, the Plans).

As of December 31, 2019, awards granted under the 2009 Plan consisted of stock options and awards granted under the 2014 Plan consisted of stock options and restricted stock units. There were no other grants of any other award types under the Plans.

In June 2016 and June 2018, stockholders approved amendments to the 2014 Plan that increased the number of shares available for grant by 3,900,000 and 3,000,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, 2,066,342 shares of Class A common stock were available for grant under the 2014 Plan.

Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) became effective on June 13, 2017. Under the ESPP, eligible employees are granted options to purchase shares of Class A common stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise. Options to purchase shares are granted twice yearly on or about July 15 and January 15 and are exercisable on or about the succeeding January 14 and July 14, respectively, of each year. As of December 31, 2019, 4,632,233 shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP. No participant may purchase more than $12,500 worth of Class A common stock in a six-month offering period.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support	$	1,554	$	700	$	738
Professional services	1,725		619		465
Operating expenses
Research and development	8,006		5,842		2,224
Sales and marketing	8,792		5,416		2,983
General and administrative	15,707		18,264		13,066
Total	$	35,784	$	30,841	$	19,476

The fair value of each option grant and each share issued under the ESPP is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock options, expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Class A common stock and historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the options. For the ESPP purchase rights, expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our Class A common stock. The expected term represents the period of time the options and the ESPP purchase rights are expected to be outstanding. For stock options, the expected term is based on the “simplified method” as defined by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110 (Topic 14.D.2). We use the “simplified method” due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the options. The expected term for the ESPP purchase rights approximates the offering period. The risk-free interest rate is based on yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) with a maturity similar to the estimated expected term of the options and ESPP purchase rights.

The fair value of our stock options and ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Year ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Stock Options
Expected term (in years)	—	—	0.2 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate	—	—	1.5% - 2.2%
Expected volatility	—	—	23.7% - 43.8%

ESPP
Expected term (in years)	0.5	0.5	0.5
Risk-free interest rate	1.9% - 2.6%	1.8% - 2.4%	1.2%
Expected volatility	35.0% - 49.0%	22.2% - 36.4%	28.5%

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans for the year ended December 31, 2019:


	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
					(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	6,400,175	$	13.65	6.1	$	142,340
Granted	—	—
Forfeited	(50,437)	17.32
Exercised	(1,996,571)	12.10
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,353,167	$	14.32	5.6	$	120,714

Exercisable at December 31, 2019	3,723,394	$	13.89	5.3	$	104,868

Options to purchase Class A common stock generally vest over a three- or four-year period and are generally granted for a term of ten years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $75.6 million, $27.5 million and $9.8 million, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended 2017 was$6.79. No options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $5.8 million, $12.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation expense of $3.4 million related to options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

We have granted restricted stock awards to our executive officers that vest in three equal annual installments from the date of grant. The recipient of an award of restricted stock under the Plan may vote and receive dividends on the shares of restricted stock covered by the award. The fair value for restricted stock awards is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $2.2 million and $2.7 million respectively. There was no restricted stock award activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At December 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest over a three- or four-year period in equal, annual installments or with three-year cliff vesting. Restricted stock units granted to non-employee members of our Board of Directors generally have one-year cliff vesting from the date of grant. The recipient of a restricted stock unit award under the Plan will have no rights as a stockholder until share certificates are issued by us, but, at the discretion of our Compensation Committee, has the right to receive a dividend equivalent payment in the form of additional restricted stock units. Additionally, until the shares are issued, they have no voting rights and may not be bought or sold. The fair value for restricted stock unit awards is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was approximately $8.8 million, $7.7 million, and $3.6 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2019:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested at December 31, 2018	2,359,261	$	23.95
Granted	1,157,679	43.26
Forfeited	(75,349)	32.16
Vested⁽¹⁾	(402,571)	21.75
Unvested at December 31, 2019	3,039,020	$	31.39

(1) During the year ended December 31, 2019, in accordance with our Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, recipients of 256,660 shares had elected to defer settlement of the vested restricted stock units and 274,079 were released from deferral. This resulted in total deferred units of 537,202 as of December 31, 2019.

Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At December 31, 2019, there was approximately $60.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the year ended December 31, 2019, 188,390 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $26.13 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $4.9 million.

Compensation expense associated with ESPP purchase rights is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At December 31, 2019, there was approximately $88,478 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.04 years.

Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 80,265	$ 74,179	$ 73,484	$ 69,963	$ 64,435	$ 60,873	$ 59,130	$ 59,906	$ 297,891	$ 244,344	$ 207,869
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	23,048	21,751	20,677	19,536	17,394	15,659	16,296	16,511	85,012	65,860	60,245
Gross profit	57,217	52,428	52,807	50,427	47,041	45,214	42,834	43,395	212,879	178,484	147,624
Operating expenses
Research and development	23,216	22,899	21,795	22,011	20,773	19,984	20,718	20,127	89,921	81,602	68,172
Sales and marketing	33,732	32,990	28,213	25,365	23,011	24,068	22,252	21,006	120,300	90,337	84,161
General and administrative	14,754	12,017	11,226	10,383	11,047	11,864	21,654	11,768	48,380	56,333	39,594
Total operating expenses	71,702	67,906	61,234	57,759	54,831	55,916	64,624	52,901	258,601	228,272	191,927
Loss from operations	(14,485)	(15,478)	(8,427)	(7,332)	(7,790)	(10,702)	(21,790)	(9,506)	(45,722)	(49,788)	(44,303)
Interest income	2,064	1,460	641	492	435	341	279	223	4,657	1,278	586
Interest expense	(3,534)	(1,959)	(433)	(440)	(480)	(448)	(449)	(450)	(6,366)	(1,827)	(1,845)
Other income, net	(305)	24	(111)	(172)	318	(138)	213	120	(564)	513	1,197
Loss before provision for income taxes	(16,260)	(15,953)	(8,330)	(7,452)	(7,517)	(10,947)	(21,747)	(9,613)	(47,995)	(49,824)	(44,365)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	38	98	(8)	11	204	17	21	5	139	247	61
Net loss	$ (16,298)	$ (16,051)	$ (8,322)	$ (7,463)	$ (7,721)	$ (10,964)	$ (21,768)	$ (9,618)	$ (48,134)	$ (50,071)	$ (44,426)
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.22)	$ (1.04)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.07)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	47,058,209	46,731,663	46,166,660	45,229,279	44,472,672	43,973,428	43,234,655	42,858,756	46,302,656	43,640,408	41,618,838
Subscription and support
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 66,148	$ 63,022	$ 60,472	$ 56,123	$ 53,779	$ 51,306	$ 48,837	$ 46,470	$ 245,765	$ 200,392	$ 169,283
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	11,946	10,924	10,202	9,809	8,637	8,139	8,637	8,802	42,881	34,215	32,646
Professional services
Revenue
Total revenue	14,117	11,157	13,012	13,840	10,656	9,567	10,293	13,436	52,126	43,952	38,586
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	$ 11,102	$ 10,827	$ 10,475	$ 9,727	$ 8,757	$ 7,520	7,659	$ 7,709	$ 42,131	$ 31,645	$ 27,599
Chief Executive Officer \| General and administrative
Operating expenses
Severance costs							5,900
Compensation expense							$ 3,600

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Financing leased assets, gross	$ 36,608
Property and equipment, gross		$ 59,839
Property, plant, and equipment and finance lease right-of-use asset, gross	60,762
Property, plant, and equipment and finance lease right-of-use asset, accumulated depreciation	(21,017)
Property, plant, and equipment and finance lease right-of-use asset	39,745
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(18,371)
Property and equipment		41,468
Capital Leases, Balance Sheet, Assets by Major Class, Net [Abstract]
Financing leased assets, gross		36,608
Less: accumulated amortization		(6,237)
Financing leased assets		30,371
Finance Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset, After Accumulated Amortization [Abstract]
Financing leased assets, gross	36,608
Less: accumulated amortization	(7,481)
Financing leased assets	29,127
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Financing leased assets, gross	36,608
Property and equipment, gross		36,608
Capital Leases, Balance Sheet, Assets by Major Class, Net [Abstract]
Financing leased assets, gross		36,608
Finance Lease, Right-Of-Use Asset, After Accumulated Amortization [Abstract]
Financing leased assets, gross	36,608
Computers, equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,029	6,602
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,494	8,839
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	97	97
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	7,500	7,678
Construction in process
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 34	$ 15

Deferred Costs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Deferred Costs

Deferred CostsDeferred costs, which primarily consist of costs to obtain contracts with customers, were $29.1 million and $18.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense for the deferred costs was $15.2 million and $10.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no significant impairment losses in relation to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by industry (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Information technology	$	39,417	$	31,063
Consumer discretionary	33,658		28,325
Industrials	33,281		28,023
Diversified financials	33,783		27,335
Banks	28,788		23,818
Healthcare	28,100		21,672
Energy	22,551		19,617
Other	78,313		64,491
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by type of good or service (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Subscription and support	$	245,765	$	200,392
XBRL professional services	38,734		30,562
Other services	13,392		13,390
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

Deferred Revenue

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $129.4 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2019, revenue of approximately $254.8 million is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscription contracts. We expect to recognize approximately $184.6 million of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter.

Net Loss Per Share - Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	47,058,209	46,731,663	46,166,660	45,229,279	44,472,672	43,973,428	43,234,655	42,858,756	46,302,656	43,640,408	41,618,838
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.22)	$ (1.04)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.07)
Class A Common Stock
Numerator
Net loss									$ (38,661)	$ (38,733)	$ (33,016)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)									37,190,224	33,758,623	30,929,899
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)									$ (1.04)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.07)
Class B Common Stock
Numerator
Net loss									$ (9,473)	$ (11,338)	$ (11,410)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)									9,112,432	9,881,785	10,688,939
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)									$ (1.04)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.07)

Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by industry (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Information technology	$	39,417	$	31,063
Consumer discretionary	33,658		28,325
Industrials	33,281		28,023
Diversified financials	33,783		27,335
Banks	28,788		23,818
Healthcare	28,100		21,672
Energy	22,551		19,617
Other	78,313		64,491
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by type of good or service (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Subscription and support	$	245,765	$	200,392
XBRL professional services	38,734		30,562
Other services	13,392		13,390
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

Deferred Revenue

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $129.4 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Build to Suit

We entered into a lease agreement for land and an office building in Ames, Iowa, which was constructed in two phases. As part of the lease agreement, the landlord was responsible for constructing the building in accordance with our specifications and agreed to fund $11.8 million for the first phase and $11.1 million for the second phase of construction. We were the developer of the project and responsible for construction costs in excess of these amounts. As a result of this involvement, we were deemed the “owner” for accounting purposes during the construction period and were required to capitalize the construction costs associated with the office building. Upon completion of each phase of the project, we performed a sale-leaseback analysis to determine if the building could be removed from the balance sheet. We determined there was continuing involvement, which precluded derecognition of the building. The construction liability of $11.8 million was reclassified to a financing obligation, and $17.1 million of costs capitalized during construction was placed in service during June 2013 for the initial phase. Upon completion of the second phase of the project, the construction liability of $11.1 million was reclassified to a financing obligation, and $19.9 million of costs capitalized during construction was placed in service during 2014.

Total cash payments due under the arrangement were allocated on a relative fair value basis between rent related to the land lease and debt service payments related to the financing obligation. The portion of the lease payments allocated to the land is treated as an operating lease (see Note 7). The lease contains purchase options to acquire the landlord’s interest in the land lease and building at any time beginning three years from the commencement date of the lease. In addition, the lease requires us upon certain events, such as a change in control, to purchase the building from the landlord.

As of December 31, 2019, future estimated minimum payments under financing arrangements were as follows (in thousands):


	Financing Obligations
2020	$	2,840
2021	2,840
2022	2,611
2023	1,471
2024	1,471
Thereafter	23,398
Total minimum lease payments	34,631
Less: Amount representing interest	(17,414)
Present value of financing obligations	$	17,217

Other Purchase Commitments

We enter into certain non-cancelable agreements with third-party providers for our use of cloud services and cloud infrastructure services in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, we are committed to purchase $13.1 million in fiscal year 2020, $10.3 million in fiscal year 2021, and $7.5 million in fiscal year 2022.

Litigation

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We evaluate the development of legal matters on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Property and equipment	$ 6	$ 18
Accruals and reserves	197	283
Deferred rent	1,599	1,601
Compensation and benefits	16,391	13,925
Deferred revenue	5,973	5,338
Net operating loss and credits	78,983	51,931
Other	1,559	701
Total deferred tax assets	104,708	73,797
Valuation allowance	(86,580)	(72,683)
Total deferred tax assets	18,128	1,114
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(599)	(529)
Convertible Notes	(14,598)	0
Other deferred tax liabilities	(2,822)	(587)
Deferred tax liabilities	(18,019)	(1,116)
Total		$ (2)
Total	$ 109

Commitments and Contingencies - Minimum Lease Payments Under Operating and Financing Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Financing Obligations
2020	$ 2,840
2021	2,840
2022	2,611
2023	1,471
2024	1,471
Thereafter	23,398
Total minimum lease payments	34,631
Less: Amount representing interest	(17,414)
Present value of financing obligations	$ 17,217

Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information


	Three months ended
	Dec 31, 2019		Sep 30, 2019		Jun 30, 2019		Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018		Sep 30, 2018		Jun 30, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription and support	$	66,148	$	63,022	$	60,472	$	56,123	$	53,779	$	51,306	$	48,837	$	46,470
Professional services	14,117		11,157		13,012		13,840		10,656		9,567		10,293		13,436
Total revenue	80,265		74,179		73,484		69,963		64,435		60,873		59,130		59,906
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support	11,946		10,924		10,202		9,809		8,637		8,139		8,637		8,802
Professional services	11,102		10,827		10,475		9,727		8,757		7,520		7,659		7,709
Total cost of revenue	23,048		21,751		20,677		19,536		17,394		15,659		16,296		16,511
Gross profit	57,217		52,428		52,807		50,427		47,041		45,214		42,834		43,395
Operating expenses
Research and development	23,216		22,899		21,795		22,011		20,773		19,984		20,718		20,127
Sales and marketing	33,732		32,990		28,213		25,365		23,011		24,068		22,252		21,006
General and administrative ⁽¹⁾	14,754		12,017		11,226		10,383		11,047		11,864		21,654		11,768
Total operating expenses	71,702		67,906		61,234		57,759		54,831		55,916		64,624		52,901
Loss from operations	(14,485)		(15,478)		(8,427)		(7,332)		(7,790)		(10,702)		(21,790)		(9,506)
Interest income	2,064		1,460		641		492		435		341		279		223
Interest expense	(3,534)		(1,959)		(433)		(440)		(480)		(448)		(449)		(450)
Other income, net	(305)		24		(111)		(172)		318		(138)		213		120
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes	(16,260)		(15,953)		(8,330)		(7,452)		(7,517)		(10,947)		(21,747)		(9,613)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	38		98		(8)		11		204		17		21		5
Net loss	$	(16,298)	$	(16,051)	$	(8,322)	$	(7,463)	$	(7,721)	$	(10,964)	$	(21,768)	$	(9,618)
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.35)	$	(0.34)	$	(0.18)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.25)	$	(0.50)	$	(0.22)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	47,058,209		46,731,663		46,166,660		45,229,279		44,472,672		43,973,428		43,234,655		42,858,756

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the activity of accumulated other comprehensive income during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	Accumulated translation adjustment		Accumulated unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities		Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	298	$	(7)	$	291
Other comprehensive loss	(159)		(60)		(219)
Balance at December 31, 2017	139		(67)		72
Other comprehensive income	26		—		26
Balance at December 31, 2018	165		(67)		98
Other comprehensive income	13		176		189
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	178	$	109	$	287

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 3.7	$ 3.4	$ 3.4
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	10 years

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 18, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36773
Entity Registrant Name	WORKIVA INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-2509828
Entity Address, Address Line One	2900 University Blvd
Entity Address, City or Town	Ames
Entity Address, State or Province	IA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	50010
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	275-3125
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value $.001
Trading Symbol	WK
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2.1
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Information required in response to Part III of Form 10-K (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is hereby incorporated by reference to portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2020. The Proxy Statement will be filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Entity Central Index Key	0001445305
Class A Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		38,298,548
Class B Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		8,595,596

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Lease Expense Components, Supplemental Cash Flow Information and Other Information

The components of lease expense recognized under ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	3,544
Short-term lease cost	1,324
Variable lease cost	923
	$	5,791

Under ASC 840, rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $5.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	4,018
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	2,207

Other supplemental information related to leases was as follows:


	As of December 31, 2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	7.6
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	5.7	%

Summary of Future Estimated Minimum Lease Payments

As of December 31, 2019, future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2020	$	4,198
2021	4,327
2022	3,872
2023	3,540
2024	2,751
Thereafter	8,504
Total minimum lease payments	27,192
Less: Amount representing interest	(5,564)
Total	$	21,628

Geographic Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Geographic Information

Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Americas	$	286,131	$	237,290	$	203,655
Other	11,760		7,054		4,214
	$	297,891	$	244,344	$	207,869

Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of our contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 96% during each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. No other country represented more than 10% of total revenue during the years presented.

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, substantially all of our long-lived assets were attributable to operations in the United States.

Income Taxes - Operating Loss Carryforwards (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 250.3
State Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	203.8
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 1.7

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 866	$ 956
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	38,043,444	34,498,391
Common stock, shares outstanding	38,043,444	34,498,391
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,595,596	9,545,596
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,595,596	9,545,596

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock (Class A and B)	Additional Paid-in-Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		41,261,000
Beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (3,125)	$ 41	$ 217,454	$ 291	$ (220,911)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	19,476		19,476
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		1,159,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	12,485	$ 1	12,484
Issuance of restricted stock units (in shares)		30,000
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (in shares)		(81,000)
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(1,125)		(1,125)
Net loss	(44,426)				(44,426)
Other comprehensive income	(219)			(219)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		42,369,000
End of the period at Dec. 31, 2017	(16,934)	$ 42	248,289	72	(265,337)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	30,841		30,841
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		1,481,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	16,662	$ 2	16,660
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		179,000
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	3,216		3,216
Issuance of restricted stock units (in shares)		99,000
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (in shares)		(84,000)
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(1,861)		(1,861)
Net loss	(50,071)				(50,071)
Other comprehensive income	26			26
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		44,044,000
End of the period at Dec. 31, 2018	(9,740)	$ 44	297,145	98	(307,027)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 35,784		35,784
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	1,996,571	1,997,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 24,152	$ 3	24,149
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		188,000
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	4,922		4,922
Issuance of restricted stock units (in shares)		420,000
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (in shares)		(10,000)
Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(390)		(390)
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net	58,560		58,560
Net loss	(48,134)				(48,134)
Other comprehensive income	189			189
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		46,639,000
End of the period at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 65,343	$ 47	$ 420,170	$ 287	$ (355,161)

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

A reconciliation of the denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Year ended
	December 31, 2019						December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
Numerator
Net loss	$	(38,661)	$	(9,473)	$	(38,733)	$	(11,338)	$	(33,016)	$	(11,410)

Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	37,190,224		9,112,432		33,758,623		9,881,785		30,929,899		10,688,939
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.04)	$	(1.04)	$	(1.15)	$	(1.15)	$	(1.07)	$	(1.07)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The anti-dilutive securities excluded from the weighted-average shares used to calculate the diluted net loss per common share were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options	4,353,167	6,400,175	8,145,777
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock awards	—	—	163,332
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock units	3,039,020	2,359,261	574,072
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP	76,466	105,583	85,509

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of Workiva Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

Principles of Consolidation

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Additionally, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. The reclassification of the prior period amounts were not material to the previously reported consolidated financial statements.

Segments

Our chief operating decision maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the chief operating decision maker, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we determined we have one operating and reportable segment.

Foreign Currency

We translate the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries, which have a functional currency in the respective country’s local currency, to U.S. dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit). Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the entity's functional currency are included within “Other income, net” on the consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, the measurement of material rights, health insurance claims incurred but not yet reported, valuation of available-for-sale marketable securities, useful lives of deferred contract costs, intangible assets and property and equipment, income taxes, discount rates used in the valuation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, the fair value of the liability and equity components of the convertible senior notes, and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards. While these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that may affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash consists of cash on deposit with banks that is stated at cost, which approximates fair value. We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid money market funds and marketable securities. We classify all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months as marketable securities.

Marketable Securities

Our marketable securities consist of commercial paper, U.S. corporate debt securities, and U.S. treasury debt securities. We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. We may sell these securities at any time for use in current operations even if they have not yet reached maturity. As a result, we classify our investments, including securities with maturities beyond twelve months as current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value each reporting period. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and recorded as a separate component within “Accumulated other comprehensive income” on the consolidated balance sheets until realized. Dividend income is reported within “Other income, net” on the consolidated statements of operations. We evaluate our investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. We consider impairments to be other than temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely we will sell the securities before the recovery of their cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in “Other income, net” on the consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Our other current financial assets and our other current financial liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying value due to their short-term maturities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with high credit-quality financial institutions. Such deposits may be in excess of federally insured limits. To date, we have not experienced any losses on our cash and cash equivalents. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions.We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and require no collateral from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable balances.

Deferred Commissions

Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions paid where the amortization period is one year or less are expensed as incurred. All other sales commissions are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our standard contract terms and conditions, rate of technological change and other factors. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to ten years. We amortize leasehold improvements and assets under financing arrangements over the lesser of the term of the lease including renewal options that are reasonably assured or the estimated useful life of the assets.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions to our cloud-based software and the delivery of professional services. We recognize revenue when control of these services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

We report revenue net of sales and other taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities.

Subscription and Support Revenue

We recognize subscription and support revenue on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts are generally twelve to 36 months in duration, are billed either annually or in advance and are non-cancelable. We consider the access to our platform and related support services in a customer contract to be a series of distinct services which comprise a single performance obligation because they are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer.

Professional Services Revenue and Customer Options

Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for document set up, XBRL tagging, and consulting with our customers on business processes and best practices. We have determined that an agreement to purchase these professional services constitutes an option to purchase services in accordance with ASC 606 rather than an agreement that creates enforceable rights and obligations because of the customer's contractual right to cancel services that have not yet been used. In the limited case of agreements where we determined that the option provides the customer with a material right, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to the material right based upon the relative standalone selling price. Professional service agreements that do not contain a material right are accounted for when the customer exercises its option to purchase additional services. Revenue is recognized for document set ups when the service is complete and control has transferred to the customer. Revenues from XBRL tagging and consulting services are recognized as the services are performed.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Some of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligation in the event that we determine a material right exists. For these contracts, we account for the individual performance obligations separately when they are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine the standalone selling prices based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors, including the size of our arrangements, length of term, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within our arrangements.

We typically invoice our customers for subscription and support fees annually in advance on one- to three-year contract terms. For contracts with a two or three year term, customers sometimes elect to pay the entire multi-year subscription term in advance. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The portion of deferred revenue that we anticipate will be recognized after the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as non-current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as current deferred revenue.As an agreement to purchase professional services constitutes a customer option, fees received in advance of these services being performed are considered customer deposits and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Unpaid invoice amounts for these professional services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities.Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with the professional services and customer success teams and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions, travel, and stock-based compensation. Other costs included in this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product marketing, information technology costs, and facility costs.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation, costs of server usage by our developers, information technology costs, and facility costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for our executive, finance, legal, human resources, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; legal, accounting, and other professional service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We currently have no finance leases.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Our variable lease payments consist of non-lease services related to the lease. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. We are also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of 12 months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Intangible Assets

We account for intangible assets under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350, Goodwill and Other. Intangible assets consist primarily of legal fees incurred for patents and are recorded at cost and amortized over the useful lives of the assets of ten years, using the straight-line method. Certain patents are in the legal application process and therefore are not currently being amortized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment, right-of-use assets and software and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, we first compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that long-lived asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Stock-based Compensation

We measure all share-based payments, including grants of options to purchase common stock and the issuance of restricted stock or restricted stock units to employees, service providers and board members, using a fair-value based method. We record forfeitures as they occur. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair values of stock option awards. For restricted stock and restricted stock units, fair value is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date.

Income Taxes

We record current income taxes based on our estimates of current taxable income and provide for deferred income taxes to reflect estimated future income tax payments and receipts. We are subject to U.S. federal income taxes as well as state taxes. In addition, we are subject to taxes in the foreign jurisdictions where we operate.

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment rate.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation commonly referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “TCJA”). The TCJA made widespread changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, among other items, the introduction of a new international “Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income” (“GILTI”) regime effective January 1, 2018. Companies may adopt one of two views in regards to establishing deferred taxes in accordance with the new (“GILTI”) regime under ASC 740. Companies may account for the effects of GILTI either (1) in the period the entity becomes subject to GILTI, or (2) establish deferred taxes (similar to the guidance that currently exists with respect to basis differences that will reverse under current Subpart F rules) for basis differences that upon reversal will be subject to GILTI. We have elected to account for GILTI in the period incurred.

We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. We regularly review our receivables that remain outstanding past their applicable payment terms and established an allowance for potential write-offs by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance once collection efforts have been exhausted.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance codified in ASC 606, Revenue Recognition - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2014-09 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. We recognized an $8.4 million cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of our December 31, 2018 accumulated deficit. The primary impact of adopting the new revenue standard included the deferral of incremental commission cost of obtaining subscription contracts, recording deferred revenue for payments due in advance of our subscription-based contract performance and reclassification of amounts collected in advance related to the purchase of professional services from deferred revenue to accrued expenses and other current liabilities as these agreements constitute a customer option. The comparative information for fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 842, Leases, which supersedes the guidance in former ASC 840, Leases, to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements (with the exception of short-term leases).

In July 2018, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2018-11) to the existing transition guidance that allows entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for the period of adoption. Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using this new transition guidance. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

We have elected to use the package of practical expedients, which allows us to not (1) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are considered or contain leases; (2) reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient, which permits entities to use hindsight in determining the lease term and assessing impairment.

Adoption of the new standard had an impact on our consolidated balance sheets. The most significant impacts related to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. The adoption of ASC 842 had no impact on our consolidated statements of operations or total cash flows from operations.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2019 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2018		Adjustments due to ASC 842 adoption		As of January 1, 2019
Assets
Operating right-of-use asset	$	—	$	15,694	$	15,694

Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	36,353		2,319		38,672
Other long-term liabilities	6,891		(6,007)		884
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	—		19,382		19,382

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The update will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and may be adopted either retrospectively or prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard prospectively effective April 1, 2019. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, we will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model that reflects probable losses rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses. The standard will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We plan to adopt this standard on the effective date and do not expect a material impact on our consolidated financials.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The standard will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating whether we will early adopt. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support	$	1,554	$	700	$	738
Professional services	1,725		619		465
Operating expenses
Research and development	8,006		5,842		2,224
Sales and marketing	8,792		5,416		2,983
General and administrative	15,707		18,264		13,066
Total	$	35,784	$	30,841	$	19,476

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of our stock options and ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Year ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Stock Options
Expected term (in years)	—	—	0.2 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate	—	—	1.5% - 2.2%
Expected volatility	—	—	23.7% - 43.8%

ESPP
Expected term (in years)	0.5	0.5	0.5
Risk-free interest rate	1.9% - 2.6%	1.8% - 2.4%	1.2%
Expected volatility	35.0% - 49.0%	22.2% - 36.4%	28.5%

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, ESPP, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of our stock options and ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:


	Year ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Stock Options
Expected term (in years)	—	—	0.2 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate	—	—	1.5% - 2.2%
Expected volatility	—	—	23.7% - 43.8%

ESPP
Expected term (in years)	0.5	0.5	0.5
Risk-free interest rate	1.9% - 2.6%	1.8% - 2.4%	1.2%
Expected volatility	35.0% - 49.0%	22.2% - 36.4%	28.5%

Schedule of Stock-Option Activity

The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans for the year ended December 31, 2019:


	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
					(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	6,400,175	$	13.65	6.1	$	142,340
Granted	—	—
Forfeited	(50,437)	17.32
Exercised	(1,996,571)	12.10
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,353,167	$	14.32	5.6	$	120,714

Exercisable at December 31, 2019	3,723,394	$	13.89	5.3	$	104,868

Summary of Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2019:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value

Unvested at December 31, 2018	2,359,261	$	23.95
Granted	1,157,679	43.26
Forfeited	(75,349)	32.16
Vested⁽¹⁾	(402,571)	21.75
Unvested at December 31, 2019	3,039,020	$	31.39

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)We have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and is not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share of our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of our Class A common stock at any time. Our Class B common stock also will automatically convert into shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers and other events.

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2019 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2018		Adjustments due to ASC 842 adoption		As of January 1, 2019
Assets
Operating right-of-use asset	$	—	$	15,694	$	15,694

Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	36,353		2,319		38,672
Other long-term liabilities	6,891		(6,007)		884
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	—		19,382		19,382

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Other Long-Term Debt

In August 2014, we entered into a credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which provided us with a revolving line of credit. Under the agreement, we could borrow up to $15.0 million with interest accrued at the bank’s prime lending rate. In August 2019, we terminated our credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. No amounts were outstanding at the time of termination.

Convertible Senior Notes

In August 2019, we issued $345.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.125% convertible senior notes due 2026 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including the exercise in full by the initial purchasers of their option to purchase an additional $45.0 million principal amount (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture and are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on February 15, 2020. Proceeds from the issuance of the Notes totaled $335.9 million, net of initial purchaser discounts and issuance costs.

The initial conversion rate is 12.4756 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $80.16 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances:

•during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (which we refer to in this offering memorandum as our “Class A common stock”), for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•during the five consecutive business day period immediately following any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined below) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•if we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events as set forth in the indenture.

On or after May 15, 2026 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the indenture. It is our current intent to settle conversions through a combination settlement of cash and shares of our Class A common stock with a specified dollar amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes of $1,000.

If we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture), holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we deliver a notice of redemption, we will increase, in certain circumstances, the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert were not met. The Notes were therefore not convertible as of December 31, 2019 and are classified as long-term debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We may not redeem the Notes prior to August 21, 2023. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at our option, on or after August 21, 2023 if the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, we separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability components from the par value of the Notes. The difference represents the debt discount that is amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 4.3% over the term of the Notes. The carrying amount of the equity component was $60.1 million and is recorded in additional paid-in-capital. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Notes, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on the proportion of the proceeds allocated to the debt and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $7.5 million. The issuance costs allocated to the liability component are amortized to interest expense under the effective interest rate method over the contractual term of the Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component of the Notes were $1.6 million and are netted against the equity components representing the conversion option in additional paid-in capital.

The net carrying amount of the liability and equity components of the Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2019
Liability component:
Principal	$	345,000
Unamortized discount	(57,247)
Unamortized issuance costs	(7,152)
Net carrying amount	$	280,601

Equity component, net of purchase discounts and issuance costs	$	58,560

Interest expense related to the Notes is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Contractual interest expense	$	1,444
Amortization of debt discount	2,900
Amortization of issuance costs	362
Total interest expense	$	4,706

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Loss before income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
United States	$	(47,235)	$	(50,268)	$	(44,246)
Foreign	(760)		444		(119)
Total	$	(47,995)	$	(49,824)	$	(44,365)

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Current
State	$	59	$	48	$	42
Foreign	252		203		19
Total Current	$	311	$	251	$	61

Deferred
Federal	$	(65)	$	(8)	$	—
Foreign	(107)		4		—
Total Deferred	$	(172)	$	(4)	$	—

Total	$	139	$	247	$	61

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded a federal income tax benefit of $65,000, $8,000, and $0, respectively. That benefit was primarily related to the allocation of tax expense (benefit) between continuing operations and other comprehensive income (loss) when applying the exception to the ASC 740 intraperiod tax allocation rule. Intraperiod tax allocation rules require us to allocate the provision for income taxes between continuing operations and other categories of earnings, such as other comprehensive income. In periods in which we have a year-to-date pre-tax loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in other categories of earnings, such as other comprehensive income, we must allocate the tax provision to the other categories of earnings and then record a related tax benefit in continuing operations. This exception to the general rule applies even when a valuation allowance is in place at the beginning and end of the year.

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory income tax rate and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal statutory rate	21.0		%	21.0		%	35.0		%
Effect of:
Tax benefit at federal statutory rate	$	(10,079)		$	(10,463)		$	(15,528)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(5,015)			(2,587)			(1,802)
Revaluation of deferred tax items due to tax rate change (federal and state)	—			—			22,880
Revaluation of deferred tax asset for current year net operating loss due to tax rate change	—			—			4,134
Section 162(m) limitations	2,944			1,625			37
Stock-based compensation	(14,728)			(2,327)			(559)
Permanent differences including gain on foreign restructuring, and meals & entertainment	1,103			2,815			5,663
Tax benefit of federal R&D credit	(3,141)			(3,289)			(2,366)
Recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments	—			—			(3,606)
Valuation allowance	29,236			14,044			(8,586)
Other	(181)			429			(206)
Total income tax provision	$	139		$	247		$	61

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Property and equipment	$	6	$	18
Accruals and reserves	197		283
Deferred rent	1,599		1,601
Compensation and benefits	16,391		13,925
Deferred revenue	5,973		5,338
Net operating loss and credits	78,983		51,931
Other	1,559		701
Total deferred tax assets	104,708		73,797
Valuation allowance	(86,580)		(72,683)
Total deferred tax assets	18,128		1,114
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(599)		(529)
Convertible Notes	(14,598)		—
Other deferred tax liabilities	(2,822)		(587)
Deferred tax liabilities	(18,019)		(1,116)
Total	$	109	$	(2)

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2019. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, we recognized a full valuation allowance against our net US deferred tax asset at December 31, 2019, because we believe it is more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2019, we have federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $250.3 million and $203.8 million, respectively, available to reduce any future taxable income. The federal net operating loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts beginning in 2034. As a result of the TCJA the federal and some state net operating losses incurred after 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward. The state net operating loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts beginning in 2021. Additionally, we have total net operating loss carryforwards from international operations of $1.7 million that do not expire. We also have approximately $12.6 million of federal and $2.2 million of state tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2019. The federal credits will expire in varying amounts between the years 2034 and 2038. The state credits expire beginning in 2021. Utilization of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, and similar state provisions.

A reconciliation of the gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Unrecognized tax benefits-beginning of period	$	182	$	191	$	168
Additions for tax positions related to prior year	—		—		—
Reductions for tax positions related to prior year	—		—		—
Foreign currency adjustments	(4)		(9)		23
Additions for tax positions related to current year	—		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefits-end of period	$	178	$	182	$	191

We have analyzed our inventory of tax positions taken with respect to all applicable income tax issues for all open tax years. The gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would not materially affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2019, due to the availability of net operating losses.

We do not expect our gross unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months. Our policy is to classify interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions, if any, as a component of our income tax provision. Interest and penalties were not significant during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2019, tax years for 2015 through 2018 are subject to examination by the tax authorities. Generally, as of December 31, 2019, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015. However, to the extent allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses or tax credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or credit carryforward.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 80,265	$ 74,179	$ 73,484	$ 69,963	$ 64,435	$ 60,873	$ 59,130	$ 59,906	$ 297,891	$ 244,344	$ 207,869
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	23,048	21,751	20,677	19,536	17,394	15,659	16,296	16,511	85,012	65,860	60,245
Gross profit	57,217	52,428	52,807	50,427	47,041	45,214	42,834	43,395	212,879	178,484	147,624
Operating expenses
Research and development	23,216	22,899	21,795	22,011	20,773	19,984	20,718	20,127	89,921	81,602	68,172
Sales and marketing	33,732	32,990	28,213	25,365	23,011	24,068	22,252	21,006	120,300	90,337	84,161
General and administrative	14,754	12,017	11,226	10,383	11,047	11,864	21,654	11,768	48,380	56,333	39,594
Total operating expenses	71,702	67,906	61,234	57,759	54,831	55,916	64,624	52,901	258,601	228,272	191,927
Loss from operations	(14,485)	(15,478)	(8,427)	(7,332)	(7,790)	(10,702)	(21,790)	(9,506)	(45,722)	(49,788)	(44,303)
Interest income	2,064	1,460	641	492	435	341	279	223	4,657	1,278	586
Interest expense	(3,534)	(1,959)	(433)	(440)	(480)	(448)	(449)	(450)	(6,366)	(1,827)	(1,845)
Other (expense) and income, net	(305)	24	(111)	(172)	318	(138)	213	120	(564)	513	1,197
Loss before provision for income taxes	(16,260)	(15,953)	(8,330)	(7,452)	(7,517)	(10,947)	(21,747)	(9,613)	(47,995)	(49,824)	(44,365)
Provision for income taxes	38	98	(8)	11	204	17	21	5	139	247	61
Net loss	$ (16,298)	$ (16,051)	$ (8,322)	$ (7,463)	$ (7,721)	$ (10,964)	$ (21,768)	$ (9,618)	$ (48,134)	$ (50,071)	$ (44,426)
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.34)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.22)	$ (1.04)	$ (1.15)	$ (1.07)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in shares)	47,058,209	46,731,663	46,166,660	45,229,279	44,472,672	43,973,428	43,234,655	42,858,756	46,302,656	43,640,408	41,618,838
Subscription and support
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 66,148	$ 63,022	$ 60,472	$ 56,123	$ 53,779	$ 51,306	$ 48,837	$ 46,470	$ 245,765	$ 200,392	$ 169,283
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	11,946	10,924	10,202	9,809	8,637	8,139	8,637	8,802	42,881	34,215	32,646
Professional services
Revenue
Total revenue	14,117	11,157	13,012	13,840	10,656	9,567	10,293	13,436	52,126	43,952	38,586
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	$ 11,102	$ 10,827	$ 10,475	$ 9,727	$ 8,757	$ 7,520	$ 7,659	$ 7,709	$ 42,131	$ 31,645	$ 27,599

Debt - Summary of Convertible Debt (Details) - Convertible debt - 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2026 $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 345,000
Unamortized discount	(57,247)
Unamortized issuance costs	(7,152)
Net carrying amount	280,601
Equity component, net of purchase discounts and issuance costs	$ 58,560

Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory rate									21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Tax benefit at federal statutory rate									$ (10,079)	$ (10,463)	$ (15,528)
State taxes, net of federal benefit									(5,015)	(2,587)	(1,802)
Revaluation of deferred tax items due to tax rate change (federal and state)									0	0	22,880
Revaluation of deferred tax asset for current year net operating loss due to tax rate change									0	0	4,134
Section 162(m) limitations									2,944	1,625	37
Stock-based compensation									(14,728)	(2,327)	(559)
Permanent differences including gain on foreign restructuring, and meals & entertainment									1,103	2,815	5,663
Tax benefit of federal R&D credit									(3,141)	(3,289)	(2,366)
Recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments									0	0	(3,606)
Valuation allowance									29,236	14,044	(8,586)
Other									(181)	429	(206)
Total income tax provision	$ 38	$ 98	$ (8)	$ 11	$ 204	$ 17	$ 21	$ 5	$ 139	$ 247	$ 61

Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 80,265	$ 74,179	$ 73,484	$ 69,963	$ 64,435	$ 60,873	$ 59,130	$ 59,906	$ 297,891	$ 244,344	$ 207,869
Subscription and support
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 66,148	$ 63,022	$ 60,472	$ 56,123	$ 53,779	$ 51,306	$ 48,837	$ 46,470	245,765	200,392	$ 169,283
XBRL professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									38,734	30,562
Other services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									13,392	13,390
Information technology
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									39,417	31,063
Consumer discretionary
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									33,658	28,325
Industrials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									33,281	28,023
Diversified financials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									33,783	27,335
Banks
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									28,788	23,818
Healthcare
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									28,100	21,672
Energy
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									22,551	19,617
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 78,313	$ 64,491

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the activity of accumulated other comprehensive income during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	Accumulated translation adjustment		Accumulated unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities		Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	298	$	(7)	$	291
Other comprehensive loss	(159)		(60)		(219)
Balance at December 31, 2017	139		(67)		72
Other comprehensive income	26		—		26
Balance at December 31, 2018	165		(67)		98
Other comprehensive income	13		176		189
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	178	$	109	$	287

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019 class vote
Equity [Abstract]
Number of classes of common stock \| class	2
Class A Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share	1
Class B Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share	10
Common stock, conversion rate	1

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Buildings	$	36,608	$	36,608
Computers, equipment and software	8,029		6,602
Furniture and fixtures	8,494		8,839
Vehicles	97		97
Leasehold improvements	7,500		7,678
Construction in process	34		15
	60,762		59,839
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(21,017)		(18,371)
	$	39,745	$	41,468

The following assets included in property and equipment, net were acquired under financing leases (see Note 6) (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Buildings	$	36,608	$	36,608
	36,608		36,608
Less: accumulated amortization	(7,481)		(6,237)
	$	29,127	$	30,371

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Accrued vacation	$	8,353	$	6,906
Accrued commissions	5,561		7,265
Accrued bonuses	7,121		5,643
Estimated health insurance claims	1,040		1,100
ESPP employee contributions	3,734		2,156
Customer deposits	12,151		7,395
Operating lease liabilities	3,064		—
Accrued other liabilities	8,906		5,888
	$	49,930	$	36,353

Schedule of Other Income and (Expense), net

Other income, net for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 consisted of (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Income from training reimbursement program	$	—	—		1,578
Gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions	(609)		289		(372)
Other	45		224		(9)
	$	(564)	$	513	$	1,197

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “we” or “us”) provides the world’s leading connected reporting and compliance platform, which is used by thousands of public and private companies, government agencies and higher-education institutions. The Workiva platform offers controlled collaboration, data linking, data integrations, granular permissions, process management and a full audit trail. Our operational headquarters are located in Ames, Iowa, with additional offices located in the United States, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and Canada.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of Workiva Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Additionally, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. The reclassification of the prior period amounts were not material to the previously reported consolidated financial statements.

Seasonality has affected our revenue, expenses and cash flows from operations. Revenue from professional services has been higher in the first quarter as many of our customers file their 10-K in the first calendar quarter. Sales and marketing expense has been higher in the third quarter due to our annual user conference in September. In addition, the timing of the payments for cash bonuses to employees during the first and fourth calendar quarters may result in some seasonality in operating cash flow.

Segments

Foreign Currency

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Marketable Securities

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Concentration of Credit Risk

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and require no collateral from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable balances. We did not have a significant concentration of accounts receivable from any single customer or from customers in any single country outside of the United States at December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Deferred Commissions

Property and Equipment, net

Revenue Recognition

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

We report revenue net of sales and other taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities.

Subscription and Support Revenue

Professional Services Revenue and Customer Options

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Deferred Revenue

Customer Deposits

As an agreement to purchase professional services constitutes a customer option, fees received in advance of these services being performed are considered customer deposits and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Unpaid invoice amounts for these professional services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with the professional services and customer success teams and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising expense totaled $3.4 million, $2.9 million and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

Leases

Intangible Assets

Accumulated amortization of patents as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $592,000 and $320,000, respectively. Future amortization expense for legally approved patents is estimated at $353,000 per year through 2021, $209,000 in 2022, $124,000 in 2023, $110,000 in 2024 and approximately $222,000 thereafter.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Stock-Based Compensation

Income Taxes

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2019 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2018		Adjustments due to ASC 842 adoption		As of January 1, 2019
Assets
Operating right-of-use asset	$	—	$	15,694	$	15,694

Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	36,353		2,319		38,672
Other long-term liabilities	6,891		(6,007)		884
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	—		19,382		19,382

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Buildings	$	36,608	$	36,608
Computers, equipment and software	8,029		6,602
Furniture and fixtures	8,494		8,839
Vehicles	97		97
Leasehold improvements	7,500		7,678
Construction in process	34		15
	60,762		59,839
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(21,017)		(18,371)
	$	39,745	$	41,468

The following assets included in property and equipment, net were acquired under financing leases (see Note 6) (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Buildings	$	36,608	$	36,608
	36,608		36,608
Less: accumulated amortization	(7,481)		(6,237)
	$	29,127	$	30,371

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Accrued vacation	$	8,353	$	6,906
Accrued commissions	5,561		7,265
Accrued bonuses	7,121		5,643
Estimated health insurance claims	1,040		1,100
ESPP employee contributions	3,734		2,156
Customer deposits	12,151		7,395
Operating lease liabilities	3,064		—
Accrued other liabilities	8,906		5,888
	$	49,930	$	36,353

Other Income, net

Other income, net for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 consisted of (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Income from training reimbursement program	$	—	—		1,578
Gains (losses) on foreign currency transactions	(609)		289		(372)
Other	45		224		(9)
	$	(564)	$	513	$	1,197

Debt - Summary of Interest Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Debt - Summary of Interest Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Contractual interest expense	$ 1,444
Amortization of debt discount	2,900
Amortization of issuance costs	362
Total interest expense	$ 4,706

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Schedule of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 381,742	$ 77,584
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Unrealized Gains	172	0
Unrealized Losses	(6)	(68)
Cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, amortized cost	466,519	72,900
Cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities	466,685	72,832
Commercial paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		7,448
Unrealized Gains		0
Unrealized Losses		0
Aggregate Fair Value		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	10,342	2,494
Unrealized Gains	8	0
Unrealized Losses	(1)	(1)
Aggregate Fair Value	10,349	2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	95,706	10,890
Unrealized Gains	164	0
Unrealized Losses	(5)	(67)
Aggregate Fair Value	95,865	10,823
Money market funds
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	360,471	52,068
Cash and cash equivalents, aggregate fair value	360,471	52,068
Cash and cash equivalents \| Money market funds
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	360,471	52,068
Cash and cash equivalents, aggregate fair value	360,471	52,068
Marketable securities \| U.S. corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	106,048	20,832
Unrealized Gains	172	0
Unrealized Losses	(6)	(68)
Aggregate Fair Value	$ 106,214	$ 20,764

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019										Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2
Money market funds	$	360,471	$	360,471	$	—	$	52,068	$	52,068	$	—
Commercial paper	—		—		—		7,448		—		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities	10,349		—		10,349		2,493		—		2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities	95,865		—		95,865		10,823		—		10,823
	$	466,685	$	360,471	$	106,214	$	72,832	$	52,068	$	20,764

Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	360,471					$	52,068
Included in marketable securities	$	106,214					$	20,764

Debt (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt (Details)	Aug. 31, 2019 USD ($) day $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs		$ 335,899,000	$ 0	$ 0
Line of Credit \| Silicon Valley Bank
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity					$ 15,000,000.0
Convertible debt \| 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt issued	$ 345,000,000.0
Stated interest percentage	1.125%
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	$ 335,900,000
Conversion ratio	0.0124756
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 80.16
Threshold number of trading days (day) \| day	20
Threshold number of consecutive trading days (day) \| day	30
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger	130.00%
Redemption price, percentage	100.00%
Effective interest percentage	4.30%
Equity component, gross amount	$ 60,100,000
Issuance costs attributable to the liability component	7,500,000
Issuance costs attributable to the equity component	1,600,000
Convertible debt \| 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2026, Over-Allotment option
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt issued	$ 45,000,000.0
Class A Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Debt conversion terms one \| Convertible debt \| 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold number of trading days (day) \| day	20
Threshold number of consecutive trading days (day) \| day	30
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger	130.00%
Debt conversion terms two \| Convertible debt \| 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes, Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold number of trading days (day) \| day	5
Threshold number of consecutive trading days (day) \| day	10
Threshold percentage of stock trading price	98.00%

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities

At December 31, 2019, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471

U.S. treasury debt securities	10,342		8		(1)		10,349
U.S. corporate debt securities	95,706		164		(5)		95,865
	$	466,519	$	172	$	(6)	$	466,685
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471
Included in marketable securities	$	106,048	$	172	$	(6)	$	106,214

At December 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Commercial paper	7,448		—		—		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities	2,494		—		(1)		2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities	10,890		—		(67)		10,823
	$	72,900	$	—	$	(68)	$	72,832
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Included in marketable securities	$	20,832	$	—	$	(68)	$	20,764

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

At December 31, 2019, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471

U.S. treasury debt securities	10,342		8		(1)		10,349
U.S. corporate debt securities	95,706		164		(5)		95,865
	$	466,519	$	172	$	(6)	$	466,685
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471
Included in marketable securities	$	106,048	$	172	$	(6)	$	106,214

At December 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Commercial paper	7,448		—		—		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities	2,494		—		(1)		2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities	10,890		—		(67)		10,823
	$	72,900	$	—	$	(68)	$	72,832
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Included in marketable securities	$	20,832	$	—	$	(68)	$	20,764

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months						12 months or greater
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
U.S. treasury debt securities	$	2,020	$	(1)	$	—	$	—
U.S. corporate debt securities	7,065		(4)		2,000		(1)
Total	$	9,085	$	(5)	$	2,000	$	(1)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustment, tax (expense) benefit	$ (5)	$ (9)	$ (2)
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, tax benefit (expense)	$ (60)	$ 0	$ 2

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1
Number of reportable segments	1
Sales commissions amortization period	3 years

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Convertible Debt

The net carrying amount of the liability and equity components of the Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	December 31, 2019
Liability component:
Principal	$	345,000
Unamortized discount	(57,247)
Unamortized issuance costs	(7,152)
Net carrying amount	$	280,601

Equity component, net of purchase discounts and issuance costs	$	58,560

Interest expense related to the Notes is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31, 2019
Contractual interest expense	$	1,444
Amortization of debt discount	2,900
Amortization of issuance costs	362
Total interest expense	$	4,706

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition and Advertising Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Advertising expense	$ 3.4	$ 2.9	$ 2.7
Subscription and support
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue recognition, customer contract period, min	12 months
Revenue recognition, customer contract period, max	36 months

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits-beginning of period	$ 182	$ 191	$ 168
Additions for tax positions related to prior year	0	0	0
Reductions for tax positions related to prior year	0	0	0
Foreign currency adjustments	(4)	(9)
Foreign currency adjustments			23
Additions for tax positions related to current year	0	0	0
Unrecognized tax benefits-end of period	178	182	191
Interest and penalties	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Options (in shares):
Outstanding beginning of the period (in shares)	6,400,175
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(50,437)
Exercised (in shares)	(1,996,571)
Outstanding end of the period (in shares)	4,353,167	6,400,175
Exercisable at end of the period (in shares)	3,723,394
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share):
Outstanding beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 13.65
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	17.32
Exercised (in dollars per share)	12.10
Outstanding end of the period (in dollars per share)	14.32	$ 13.65
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 13.89
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term (years)	5 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term (years)	5 years 3 months 18 days
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 120,714	$ 142,340
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	104,868
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Options exercised intrinsic value	75,600	27,500	$ 9,800
Options grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 6.79
Options vested in period fair value	5,800	$ 12,400	$ 10,200
Options unrecognized compensation expense	$ 3,400
Employee stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Options unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition (years)	1 year 4 months 24 days
Class A Common Stock \| Employee stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Expiration period (years)	10 years
Minimum \| Class A Common Stock \| Employee stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Award vesting period (years)	3 years
Maximum \| Class A Common Stock \| Employee stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Award vesting period (years)	4 years

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by industry (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Information technology	$	39,417	$	31,063
Consumer discretionary	33,658		28,325
Industrials	33,281		28,023
Diversified financials	33,783		27,335
Banks	28,788		23,818
Healthcare	28,100		21,672
Energy	22,551		19,617
Other	78,313		64,491
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by type of good or service (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Subscription and support	$	245,765	$	200,392
XBRL professional services	38,734		30,562
Other services	13,392		13,390
Total revenues	$	297,891	$	244,344

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		$ 7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	$ 10,349	2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	95,865	10,823
U.S. corporate debt securities \| Marketable securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	106,214	20,764
Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	360,471	52,068
Money market funds \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	360,471	52,068
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value of convertible debt	309,200
Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value	466,685	72,832
Recurring \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	360,471	52,068
Recurring \| Marketable securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	106,214	20,764
Recurring \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	0	7,448
Recurring \| U.S. treasury debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	10,349	2,493
Recurring \| U.S. corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	95,865	10,823
Recurring \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	360,471	52,068
Recurring \| Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value	360,471	52,068
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| U.S. treasury debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| U.S. corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	360,471	52,068
Recurring \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value	106,214	20,764
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	0	7,448
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. treasury debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	10,349	2,493
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. corporate debt securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities	95,865	10,823
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents - money market funds	$ 0	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 13, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2019
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock purchase offering period				6 months
Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)				4,632,233
Purchase price of common stock, percentage of fair market value	85.00%
Maximum stock purchase value per employee				$ 12,500
2014 Equity Incentive Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Increase in number of shares available for grant (in shares)		3,000,000	3,900,000
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)				2,066,342

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2019, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471

U.S. treasury debt securities	10,342		8		(1)		10,349
U.S. corporate debt securities	95,706		164		(5)		95,865
	$	466,519	$	172	$	(6)	$	466,685
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	360,471	$	—	$	—	$	360,471
Included in marketable securities	$	106,048	$	172	$	(6)	$	106,214

At December 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Commercial paper	7,448		—		—		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities	2,494		—		(1)		2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities	10,890		—		(67)		10,823
	$	72,900	$	—	$	(68)	$	72,832
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	52,068	$	—	$	—	$	52,068
Included in marketable securities	$	20,832	$	—	$	(68)	$	20,764


	As of December 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months						12 months or greater
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
U.S. treasury debt securities	$	2,020	$	(1)	$	—	$	—
U.S. corporate debt securities	7,065		(4)		2,000		(1)
Total	$	9,085	$	(5)	$	2,000	$	(1)

We do not believe any of the unrealized losses represented an other-than-temporary impairment based on our evaluation of available evidence, which includes our intent as of December 31, 2019 to hold these investments until the cost basis is recovered.

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

Loss before income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
United States	$	(47,235)	$	(50,268)	$	(44,246)
Foreign	(760)		444		(119)
Total	$	(47,995)	$	(49,824)	$	(44,365)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Current
State	$	59	$	48	$	42
Foreign	252		203		19
Total Current	$	311	$	251	$	61

Deferred
Federal	$	(65)	$	(8)	$	—
Foreign	(107)		4		—
Total Deferred	$	(172)	$	(4)	$	—

Total	$	139	$	247	$	61

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory income tax rate and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal statutory rate	21.0		%	21.0		%	35.0		%
Effect of:
Tax benefit at federal statutory rate	$	(10,079)		$	(10,463)		$	(15,528)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(5,015)			(2,587)			(1,802)
Revaluation of deferred tax items due to tax rate change (federal and state)	—			—			22,880
Revaluation of deferred tax asset for current year net operating loss due to tax rate change	—			—			4,134
Section 162(m) limitations	2,944			1,625			37
Stock-based compensation	(14,728)			(2,327)			(559)
Permanent differences including gain on foreign restructuring, and meals & entertainment	1,103			2,815			5,663
Tax benefit of federal R&D credit	(3,141)			(3,289)			(2,366)
Recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments	—			—			(3,606)
Valuation allowance	29,236			14,044			(8,586)
Other	(181)			429			(206)
Total income tax provision	$	139		$	247		$	61

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Property and equipment	$	6	$	18
Accruals and reserves	197		283
Deferred rent	1,599		1,601
Compensation and benefits	16,391		13,925
Deferred revenue	5,973		5,338
Net operating loss and credits	78,983		51,931
Other	1,559		701
Total deferred tax assets	104,708		73,797
Valuation allowance	(86,580)		(72,683)
Total deferred tax assets	18,128		1,114
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(599)		(529)
Convertible Notes	(14,598)		—
Other deferred tax liabilities	(2,822)		(587)
Deferred tax liabilities	(18,019)		(1,116)
Total	$	109	$	(2)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Unrecognized tax benefits-beginning of period	$	182	$	191	$	168
Additions for tax positions related to prior year	—		—		—
Reductions for tax positions related to prior year	—		—		—
Foreign currency adjustments	(4)		(9)		23
Additions for tax positions related to current year	—		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefits-end of period	$	178	$	182	$	191

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning of the period	$ (9,740)	$ (16,934)	$ (3,125)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	189	26	(219)
End of the period	65,343	(9,740)	(16,934)
Accumulated translation adjustment
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning of the period	165	139	298
Other comprehensive income (loss)	13	26	(159)
End of the period	178	165	139
Accumulated unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning of the period	(67)	(67)	(7)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	176	0	(60)
End of the period	109	(67)	(67)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning of the period	98	72	291
Other comprehensive income (loss)	189	26	(219)
End of the period	$ 287	$ 98	$ 72

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Employee stock options
Weighted-Average Assumptions
Risk-free interest rate, min (as percent)			1.50%
Risk-free interest rate, max (as percent)			2.20%
Expected volatility, min (as percent)			23.70%
Expected volatility, max (as percent)			43.80%
Employee stock options \| Minimum
Weighted-Average Assumptions
Expected term (in years)			2 months 12 days
Employee stock options \| Maximum
Weighted-Average Assumptions
Expected term (in years)			6 years 1 month 6 days
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Weighted-Average Assumptions
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months	6 months
Risk-free interest rate, min (as percent)	1.90%	1.80%
Risk-free interest rate, max (as percent)	2.60%	2.40%
Risk-free interest rate (as percent)			1.20%
Expected volatility, min (as percent)	35.00%	22.20%
Expected volatility, max (as percent)	49.00%	36.40%
Expected volatility (as percent)			28.50%

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Financing Obligation Payments

As of December 31, 2019, future estimated minimum payments under financing arrangements were as follows (in thousands):


	Financing Obligations
2020	$	2,840
2021	2,840
2022	2,611
2023	1,471
2024	1,471
Thereafter	23,398
Total minimum lease payments	34,631
Less: Amount representing interest	(17,414)
Present value of financing obligations	$	17,217

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.

Financial Assets

Cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA-rated money market funds with overnight liquidity and no stated maturities. We classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

When available, our marketable securities are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. If we are unable to value our marketable securities using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, we value our investments using broker reports that utilize quoted market prices for comparable instruments. We validate, on a sample basis, the derived prices provided by the brokers by comparing their assessment of the fair values of our investments against the fair values of the portfolio balances of another third-party professional pricing service. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, all of our marketable securities were valued using quoted prices for comparable instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 2.

Based on our valuation of our money market funds and marketable securities, we concluded that they are classified in either Level 1 or Level 2 and we have no financial assets measured using Level 3 inputs. The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019										Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2
Money market funds	$	360,471	$	360,471	$	—	$	52,068	$	52,068	$	—
Commercial paper	—		—		—		7,448		—		7,448
U.S. treasury debt securities	10,349		—		10,349		2,493		—		2,493
U.S. corporate debt securities	95,865		—		95,865		10,823		—		10,823
	$	466,685	$	360,471	$	106,214	$	72,832	$	52,068	$	20,764

Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	360,471					$	52,068
Included in marketable securities	$	106,214					$	20,764

Convertible Senior Notes

As of December 31, 2019, the fair value of our convertible senior notes was $309.2 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted price of the convertible senior notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period and has been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Organization and Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets (Details) - Patents - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 592	$ 320
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	353
2021	353
2022	209
2023	124
2024	110
Thereafter	$ 222

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal income tax benefit	$ 65	$ 8	$ 0

Revenue Recognition - Deferred Revenue and Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred revenue recognized	$ 129.4
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue expected to be recognized	254.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue expected to be recognized	$ 184.6
Expected period of recognition	12 months